EXTERNAL
(MALE) CONDOM
Other names: male condom
WHAT IS THE EXTERNAL CONDOM?
The external condom, also called the male condom, covers an erect penis to prevent sperm from entering the vagina upon ejaculation. It is one of the most widely used methods of contraception.
It prevents a pregnancy from occurring, but also protects against Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs).
OVERVIEW
EFFICACY
82%
FREQUENCY
EVERY TIME
EFFECT ON FERTILITY
NONE
BLOOD CLOT RISK
NONE
THE EXTERNAL CONDOM IS A TYPE OF BARRIER METHOD
The external condom belongs to a group of contraceptives called barrier methods. Barrier contraception methods work by physically stopping the sperm from fertilising the egg. Some barrier methods (e.g. condoms) also provide protection against some sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
HOW DOES THE EXTERNAL CONDOM WORK?
External condoms work by catching the sperm as it is released and stopping it from entering the vagina.
The tip of the condom has a reservoir which collects semen and prevents it from entering the vagina during ejaculation.
This stops the sperm from getting to the womb and fertilising an egg.
HOW EFFECTIVE IS THE EXTERNAL CONDOM?
Compared to modern hormonal methods, condoms are less reliable and effective in protecting against pregnancy, but they are the only method that will protect against STIs, including HIV/AIDS.
The external condom is 82% effective with typical use meaning that 18 women out of 100 using this method will become pregnant in one year. However, when used perfectly it can be up to 98% effective.
PERFECT USE*
98%
Effective
Approximately 2 out of every 100 women in a year will experience an unintended pregnancy.
* Perfect use of a contraceptive method is when it is used correctly all the time.
TYPICAL USE*
82%
Effective
Approximately 18 out of every 100 women in a year will experience an unintended pregnancy.
* Typical use is what generally happens in real life. It takes into account human error e.g. using the condom half way through intercourse.
A few things can stop the external condom from working. External condoms can break, split, or slip off the penis during sex. Vaginal medications such as thrush treatment can make the condom less effective, and some condoms cannot be used with oil-based products (such as moisturiser, lotion and Vaseline®). Condoms must not be stored in intense heat or cold or used if they are past their use by date. if you are concerned or unsure about the condom you have used, you may need to use emergency contraception (EC).
WHAT IS AN EXTERNAL CONDOM MADE OF?
External condoms are thin latex (rubber), polyisoprene, polyurethane sheaths that are worn on the erect penis during sexual intercourse.
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PP-UN-WHC-GB-0304 July 2025